Why are early galaxies so strangely compact?

Why are early galaxies so strangely compact?
Early Galaxies show a much larger mass-star content ratio than we do inside our local universe.
Are these galaxies more massive (by more dark matter?) or does their gravity efficiency change, (by more dark energy content)

Stars in this distant galaxy, move at stunning speeds — greater than 1 million mph, astronomers have revealed. (space.com – Wed Aug 5, 2009,1:16 pm ET)

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090805-hyperactive-galaxies.html

These hyperactive stars move at about twice the speed of our sun through the Milky Way, because their host galaxy is very massive, yet strangely compact. The scene, which has theorists baffled, is 11 billion light-years away.

Given its distance of 11 billion light-years, galaxy 1255-0 is seen as it existed 11 billion years ago, less than 3 billion years after the theoretical Big Bang.
Something wrong?
Somehow, galaxies from the young universe grow in size but not in mass– they spread out but maintain their overall heft – to become the high-mass full sized galaxies we see today.
http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/2007/03/backreaction-lee-smolins-trouble-with.html


In my perspective, there are two options:
Are these galaxies more massive (by more dark matter?) or does their gravity efficiency change, (by a larger dark energy content)
If Higgs vacuum particles are able to change into matter and radiation, then matter is concentrated space, then we may presume that the gravity efficiency is decreasing over time after the big bang, because the local dark energy content (or Higgs energy) is decreasing.
In other words, the Planck length is shorter in the early universe and the vacuum as a result is more dense and energetic in its pushing force on fermions (see double Le Sage gravity theory).
Reason to accept that the shorter Planck length is also the origin of the Hubble redshift.
As a result this is a clear support for a cyclic bouncing universe!


Question:
What is the effect of a shorter Planck length and how we could imagine spacetime effects?
In my perspective, a shorter Planck length should not influence the local time created by the oscillations of a caesium atom.
The caesium atom oscillations are supposed to be related to a fixed number of collisions with Higgs particles which are supposed to be active along the chiral 3-Dimensional vacuum lattice.
If all the Higgs oscillations in the whole universe are synchronized going up and down at the same moment, then the local time is independent of the length of the Planck trajectory length.

Small Comet production by a peculiar Solar Flare interference as a sort Birkeland effect?

For, the need for a black hole paradigm shift,
By Mario Rabinowitz, named “Black Hole Paradoxes”
see:
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0412101

See also:
NASA's Polar Spacecraft Confirms ...Small Comets are Pelting Earth,
By Louis Frank.
http://smallcomets.physics.uiowa.edu/may28-1.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZgthD5u9IY&NR=1&feature=fvwp

What goes DOWN, sometimes goes UP again.

see:
SPRITES AND ELVES AS THE ORIGIN OF SMALL COMETS AND LARGE BALL LIGHTNINGS
http://migratingblackholes.blogspot.com/2009/02/sprites-and-elves-as-origin-of-small.html

(with The Langmuir video included)

The origin of micro Comets and Ball lightning.
(What goes DOWN sometimes goes UP)

18 years ago during heavy thunderstorm in the Netherlands, a photo camera with automatic shutter recorded strange bead lightning streaks with interesting curvature.
At the end of some streaks a fire ball was visible.
Reconstruction of the curvature of the bead lightning suggested that all the streaks should have some relation to each other and the same frequency.
See: Rigid Gluonium Knots and Ball lightning
http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/2006/02/3-d-pictures-in-sky-written-by.html

Could it be, that electromagnetic wave interference (with the same wavelength) was responsible for this phenomenon?
The answer was YES if there was also an x-ray (or Gamma-ray) component into play.
Why do we need this x-ray phenomenon? Because not all lightning strokes produce bead lightning or fireball ball lightning.
There must be some irregular component responsible for the incidental emerging of Ball lightning and Bead lightning.
This component could be found in the recent experiment results of professor J.R.Dwyer, ( Geospace physics lab,FIT). He discovered the x-rays emission from laboratory sparks and lightning strokes.
(see: The observation of x-ray bursts produced by 1.5 MV laboratory sparks in air
http://my.fit.edu/~jdwyer/AGU2005poster.doc
Recently also M.Rahman (Upsala university Sweden) made comparable experiments: “x-rays from 80 cm long sparks in air” with x-ray emission results, see:
http://www.lightning.ece.ufl.edu/PDF/AGU/Rahman_et_al_2008.pdf

However, if strong electromagnetic radiation and accompanying x-rays are responsible for ball lightning, then perhaps also (larger) ball lightning effects could be found in space at places with high discharge energies like so called SPRITES and ELVES or even near the solar surface OR NEAR so called BIRKELAND currents ON EARTH.
Judge for yourselves and look at the slow-motion video of Langmuir University of sprites and elves. See under: “Sprites and Elves as the origin of small Comets and large Ball Lightnings”
http://migratingblackholes.blogspot.com/2009/02/sprites-and-elves-as-origin-of-small.html

What you see is the production of lots of fireballs going down and partly after a while going up again!!! Just like the solar photo presenting at least four fireballs going down and ONE going upwards!! See; “Small Comet production by Solar flare curent interference” http://migratingblackholes.blogspot.com/

Sprite scientist described these fireball phenomena in conventional breakdown mechanisms of lightning strokes, such as streamers, down- and upward streamers. Only if streamers collide, then it is called a sprite bead. see: submillisecond imaging of sprite developement an structure. http://people.ee.duke.edu/~cummer/reprints/048_cummer06_grl_hsvsprites.pdf

Postulate:
All Comets, large Comets and even the smaller Sungrazers are originated as fireballs, by Solar electro magnetic field interference near to the solar surface as is shown in the photograph. Some of these Comets where able to produce or gather enough water molecules, during their journey away from the sun, to be influenced by the solar gravity field and become a more or less “Newtonian” elliptical orbit around the sun.
Ball lightning and small Comets are supposed to be produced by the interference of electromagnetic energy found inside Elves and Sprites.
Leo Vuyk.

Galaxy Cannonballs in the early universe, an example of splitting and pairing black holes

Dual black holes as the electric engine of the universe at all universal scales.

From (Cannonball) galaxies down to starforming regions, HH objects, stars, Comets and Ball lightning. see below.

see also Newscientist video on missing dwarf galaxies :

http://brightcove.newscientist.com/services/player/bcpid1873822884?bctid=35244997001

Solar Power, Internal or External?
Electric Universe proponents claim that solar radiation energy production is external not internal.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2005/arch05/050906solarpower.htm

SEE ALSO:
Magnetic fields play larger role in star formation than previously thought
September 9th, 2009
The simple picture of star formation calls for giant clouds of gas and dust to collapse inward due to gravity, growing denser and hotter until igniting nuclear fusion. In reality, forces other than gravity also influence the birth of stars. New research shows that cosmic magnetic fields play a more important role in star formation than previously thought.
http://www.physorg.com/news171720091.html

Cannonball Galaxies in the early universe explained

Astronomers have found a new clutch of tiny, dense galaxies that thrived in the early universe. But they still can't explain why the compact objects are nowhere to be found today.
Another team found that compact galaxies were still present when the universe was almost 5 billion years old, narrowing the amount of time that such galaxies would have to puff up to present sizes. (Newscientist) see:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17281-cosmic-cannonballs-found-in-early-universe.html

The solution? A new Black hole splitting Big bang paradigm described at:


http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/

http://brightcove.newscientist.com/services/player/bcpid2227271001?bctid=35244997001

Black holes equipped with a Fermion repelling horizon seem to be able to pair and stay concentrated in groups with a gas compression zone in between.

PUFFING UP GALAXIES

Black holes equipped with a Fermion repelling horizon seem to be able to pair and stay concentrated in groups with a gas compression zone in between.
The “puffing up” of older galaxy or the expansion of the older galaxies with stellar halos, must be the result of the fast production of huge stars and medium sized supernova Black holes.
The stellar “sunspots” (micro cometary black holes) ejected during supernova explosions are supposed to be the origin of puffing up our present day Nebula in the form of Herbig Haro objects, the base for new open star clusters

NEW Micro Black holes, accelerated by unstable swinging gas tails. A new black hole paradigm is needed to understand universal complexity.

What is the physics behind falling and raising micro Comets if they are in fact micro black holes? The growing gas tails should be responsible for this effect.

If by magnetic interference micro black holes are able to emerge around the earth and the sun, they are expected to start as "naked" singularities without a gas tail, and going down by gravity of the earth or sun.

However, if a gas bubble round this singularity has emerged, keeping a comfortable distance to the singularities nucleus by the Fermion repulsion horizon, then this gas bubble has the tendency to form a tail which points into the direction of the gravity origin.

As a result, this tail will push the micro black hole UP and away from the gravity origin!

Saturn's icy/spongy moon Hyperion,

the remains of a former Comet?

The globular inner structure of the ruptured icy moon Hyperion tells us the story of an old Comet left alone by its New Micro Black hole of creation.

It also is a strong evidence of the Fermion repelling horizon and complete atomic H2 production around NEW (micro) black holes, if the vacuum structure of our matterial universe, has a chiral preference for matter over anti matter .

see: http://migratingblackholes.blogspot.com/2009/03/new-hawking-radiation-of-new-micro.html

'Sigmoids' are S-shaped structures on the sun's surface. A new example of ZPE COSMIC ELECTRIC GENERATION between pairing black holes?

'Sigmoids' are S-shaped structures that appear intermittently on the sun's surface. Many produce eruptions of hot ionised gas, or plasma, such as coronal mass ejections and flares.
( NewScientist)
According to the new black hole paradigm, are Sigmoids a good example of PAIRING SUNSPOTS or mini black holes and the origin of Cosmic electric generators using the vacuum ZPE (Zero Point Energy) as propellant.
Such a FREE ENERGY generator is first recognized inside the Cygnus-A , Zwicky 18 and in Herbig Haro systems. see:
http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/2007/01/new-interpretation-of-cygnus-will-lead.html

This is also a support for the new scale independent new black hole paradigm.
http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/2007/02/higgs-vacuum-energy-lensing-effect-and.html

As a consequence, electric currents should flow (as electron jets) along the S shape from the center of the S, into the two mini black holes located at both ends of the S.

Sungrazers and other mini Comets are supposed to be originated by the field interference of Sunspots.
The Sunspot x-ray- and magnetic field interference should be the real origin of the formation of micro black holes produced by this system, in the form of small Comets or Sungrazers.
Original article by NewScientist:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16999-sigmoids-on-the-sun-could-help-predict-space-storms.html

PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE DUAL MICRO BLACK HOLE ELECTRIC ENERGY USAGE.

ELECTRIC ENERGY PRODUCTION AROUND MACRO BLACK HOLES.

CYGNUS A GALAXY (STAR CLUSTER)

HOW IS OSCILLATING HIGGS SPACE ACTIVE AROUND TWO BLACK HOLES/

.

New gravity model: DOUBLE LE SAGE gravity or HIGGS-GRAVITON pushing gravity.

Double Le Sage Gravity has two different pushing components (Higgs and Gravitons) both combined in the form of two vector bundles with hedgehog shape or Hedgehog vector bundle manifolds.

According to Quantum FFF theory: “Nothing sucks in physics.” 

First we have the oscillating Higgs particles oscillating along the edges of the tetrahedral lattice with the Planck scale, causing the so called Casimir effect and a part of the gravity.
All Fermions (so all mass) are radiating gravitons, which are a collision product of Higgs particles with Fermions. The Higgs particle changes form after this collision and travels with the speed of light away from the fermion.
Fermions are supposed to have a real FORM, they have a propeller form, able to spin in two directions by the impulses of the Higgs field.
Gravitons are assumed to have LESS pushing effect if they collide with Fermions han Higgs particles have.

As a consequence, the incoming Higgs particle pressure from outside a massive
object like the earth is larger than the Higgs–Graviton mixture pressure going out of the Earth. That is why the apple falls.
It is assumed that black holes are not able to radiate photons and even gravitons.

As a result a black hole has only incoming Higgs pressure at its horizon and the nucleus of the black hole is assumed to absorb the Higgs particles and the vacuum lattice at the same time. Space distortion is the result and even the change of speed of light. The edges of the lattice are elongated into the direction of the black hole and shortened perpendicular to it.

Globular vector bundle hedgehog to shows the complexity of gravity.

Double LE SAGE Gravity, originated by the combined scattering influence of Higgs pressure (3)(Casimir) and Graviton pressure (6) in the form of a vector Hedgehog. This vector Hedgehog is a basic element in the next explanation for well documented gravity anomalies.

The total Higgs pressure from outside acting on a mass like the earth, is larger than the Higgs pressure coming from the inside of that mass, because inside the earth, many Higgs particles are assumed to have changed by collision with Fermions into Gravitons.

Gravitons are supposed to originate less scattering pressure on Fermions than Higgs particles.

As a conequence, the double Le Sage gravity is supposed to be the result of the mutual scattering (push) influence of the oscillating local Higgs Field- together with the local Graviton scattering on Fermions.

The complicated Solar gravity system seems to be responsible for three in principle different kinds of gravity eclipse variations found by scientists.

The variations can be explained by the hypothesis that sunspots are micro black holes, which have a gravity lensing effect on the Higgs vacuum pressure. The Polar rotation of these sunspots combined with the sunspot cycle of 11 yearsm, seem to create an anti-symmetrical extra double- or dual Le Sage gravity effect. Both effects, are supposed to be responsible for the remarkable seemingly unpredictable differences in the gravity variations during Solar eclipses. See for details also: http://migratingblackholes.blogspot.com/2009_03_01_archive.html

Double LeSage gravity solutions for the Solar Eclipse Gravity anomalies found by Wang and Yang/ Mishra and Rao.

Solar eclipse gravity anomalies explained by comparison of;
Woomera 2002. Lusaka 2001, Mohe 1997, and Dhoraji 1995 gravity measurement results, compared with the Sunspot distribution in those years and the double LeSage gravity proposed by the Quantum FFF theory.
For the Double LeSage gravity in Quantum FFF theory see:
http://vixra.org/pdf/1103.0024v2.pdf

http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/

SIMPLIFIED SOLUTIONS (below) for comparable examples:

DOUBLE Le Sage gravity could solve the Wang and Yang eclipse anomalies.
The Wang and Yang eclipse gravity anomalies (Mohe 1997 and Lusaka 2001) can be explained by the introduction of a dual or double Le Sage gravity system.
Such a system is supposed to be based on the pressure differences between the impulse of Higgs and Graviton scattering on Fermions.
The concentrated Higgs- Graviton (vector) bundles have two types : A and B. They seem to introduce a lighthouse effect around the Sun.
Bundles with type A seem to be more concentrated and related to the equatorial plane of the Sun. Type A bundles seem to loose their influence on Earth if the inclination of the Sun with the line of sight is increasing. It is proposed that type A gravity is originated by the rotation of the Sun (drag effect)
Gravity bundles with type B (only Higgs without graviton influence) seem to be more widely beaming without much variation related to inclination with the line of sight.
It is proposed that type B gravity is originated by the dark matter content of Sunspots. ( Sunspots are assumed to be micro black holes, so sunspots are black holes! and Comets are black holes too!)

See for eclipse gravity variations:
Maurice Allais homepage:
http://www.allais.info/priorartdocs/angs.htm

see also: Newscientist: "does gravity change with the seasons" http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227046.500-does-gravity-change-with-the-seasons.html

3x Solar eclipse gravity variations explained by a double LE SAGE effect and massless micro black holes. (Sunspots)

The double Le Sage gravity is supposed to be the result of the mutual scattering (push) influence of the oscillating local Higgs Field- together with the local Graviton scattering on Fermions.

The special equatorial Solar gravity seems to be responsible for three in principle different kinds of gravity eclipse variations found by different scientists.
This can be explained by the hypothesis that sunspots (you remember: massless micro black holes) have a gravity lensing affect on the Higgs vacuum (coined: B) and the Polar rotation of these sunspots also seem to create an anti-symmetrical extra double- or dual Le Sage gravity effect. (coined: A)
Both effects A and B, seem to be responsible for the remarkable differences in the gravity variations during Solar eclipses.

Alternative HAWKING RADIATION of (MICRO) BLACK HOLES

If we accept the Quantum mechanical idea of the vacuum creation of Lepton pairs around a black holes, then only a minimal amount of (anti-)Leptons is supposed to be annihilated in the Comet case.
This is possible if the vacuum Higgs lattice has a chiral structure in combination with an opposite chirality for Leptons and Fermions!
As a result “left handed” chiral Positrons tend to "absorb" easier and more Gluons/Photons than Electrons do inside a “left handed” chiral vacuum.
Positrons seem to be able to form positive Quarks by "click-on" Gluon/Photon absorption. This "click-on" system facilitate Electrons to form negative charged Quarks.
This simple principle solves even the well known Big Bang anti-matter annihilation problem!
As a result, COMETS are spongy icy H2 balls created around micro black holes by the Quark Gluon plasma producing Black Hole horizon.

see also: http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/

As a result, the positron has better chances to become a stable QUARK (by photon/gluon addition) than the electron. see: The CPT symmetric Multiverse by black hole Big Bang evaporation:

http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/2007/03/backreaction-lee-smolins-trouble-with.html

To understand Micro black hole (MBH) characteristics we seem to need a new Hawking radiation model.

For particle models, see:

http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/2007/01/introduction.html

According to this model, Micro black holes are supposed to show up as Ball lightning, Comets and Herbig Haro objects.

The NEW Hawking radiation presented here, goes back to 1973.
Soviet scientists Yakov Zeldovich and Alexander Starobinsky showed Hawking in 1973, that according to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle, rotating black holes should create and emit particles.
My interpretation of the Higgs vacuum is that Black holes don't need rotation to repell all particles created by vacuum fluctuations due to their propeller structure and are even able to form QUARKS BY A NEW STANDARD MODEL of "click-on"photons/Gluons.
see: http://bigbang-entanglement.blogspot.com/
Conclusion both QUARKS ( d and u) are created all together with electrons and positrons.

Hydroxyl (OH), Hydrogen and even complete water molecules seem to be possible as is found in Comets. This production of water by the micro black hole is supposed to be the real compensation for the continuous loss of water molecules by Comets.
Conclusion: Comets harbour micro black holes in their nuclei.
X-ray and even annihilation radiation effects are also a logic result of Comets. However, no annihilation radiation is found related to Comets untill now.

ARE COMETS MICRO BLACK HOLES WITH a dirty snowball cover and a NUCLEAR X-RAY PRODUCTION?

The "Deep impact" of july 2005 on Comet Temple 1.

National Geographic newsletter. 4 april 2006.

Scientists are stumped by the behavior of the comet Tempel 1 after NASA sent the Deep Impact space probe hurtling into it last year some 83 million miles (133.5 million kilometers) from Earth.
The flare that resulted from the July 4 2005 collision was originally measured by optical telescopes as being a weak, five-day-long burst.

This suggested that only a small amount of water and other material had been released after impact.

But an analysis of x-ray images taken after the collision indicates that the flare lasted for a full 12 days and released about 250,000 tons (226,800 metric tons) of water in the form of ice-covered dust grains.

"There was disappointment that Deep Impact didn't cause a major optical outburst, but it did cause an x-ray outburst. Why that is, we don't know,'' said Dick Willingale, an astronomer at the University of Leicester in England whose team operated NASA's Swift X-Ray Telescope.

Willingate's team is puzzled as to why the x-ray observations of the impact's aftermath do not match the observations made by optical telescopes.

"When everyone said it was over, we were [actually] at the peak. We were just taking the data,'' Willingale said. "We realized we had something strange happen, but we didn't understand why.

"The important thing is [the flare] lasted for 12 days,'' Willingale continued. "It shouldn't have done that. The water was coming off so fast, it should've disappeared after a day or so. We don't know why [the strong x-rays] persisted for so long.!!

see: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/04/0404_060404_deep_impact.html

The solution could be: that the deep impact made a temporary hole in the Comet crusty surface and uncovered the micro black hole x-ray radiation produced by the micro-Black hole Hydroxyl production around the nucleus.


THE FIRST X-RAY DISCOVERY OF COMETS.

X-Rays from Comet LINEAR Credit: Carey Lisse (STScI/UMD) et al., CXC, SAO, NASA
Explanation: Why do comets emit X-rays? First discovered during the passing of Comet Hyakutake in 1996, the reason a cold comet would produce hot X-rays has since remained a mystery. On July 14 2000, however, the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory was able to provide an image of passing Comet LINEAR, shown above, in enough detail to unravel the mystery. The key to the solution turns out to be the unusual wind of fast ions emitted by our Sun. These ions apparently collide with gas recently emitted by the comet and cause some ions to acquire a new electron. An electron that starts in a high-energy state will emit an X-ray as it falls in closer to the ion nucleus. As other comets move into the inner Solar System, this discovery should allow future study of the continually evolving gas cloud that surrounds comets as well as the composition of the solar wind.

THE MOST RECENT X-RAY OBSERVATION OF A COMET:
NASA SWIFT spots Lulin Comet: see:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/swift/bursts/lulin.html
This image of Comet Lulin taken Jan. 28 2009, merges data acquired by Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (blue and green) and X-Ray Telescope (red). At the time of the observation, the comet was 99.5 million miles from Earth and 115.3 million miles from the sun. Credit: NASA/Swift/Univ. of Leicester/Bodewits et al.

THE GRAIN PARTICLES OF COMET WILD 2.

About 10 percent of the mass of Wild 2 is estimated to be from particles transported out from hot inner zones to the cold zone where the comet formed. Researchers conclude that this is how these grains with unusual isotope ratios go incorporated into a comet.

Earlier research showed that the comet formed in the Kuiper Belt, outside the orbit of Neptune, and only recently entered the inner regions of the solar system.

But during its lifetime, Wild 2 gathered material that formed much closer to the sun.
http://www.topnews.in/parts-comet-wild-2-formed-close-sun-211382

This is an indication that Comets are not formed in the Kuiper belt but simply by solar interference and after black hole creation an Solar evaporating of its dirty ice nucleus will split and dye out like the Schoemaker comet.
From July 16 through July 22, 1994, pieces of an object designated as Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter.